Viola hires Chris to purchase goods from Liferunner Shoes, a local sportswear store. She sends a note along with Chris to be delivered to the manager at Liferunner Shoes to charge her store for the goods purchased by Chris. Chris is to purchase goods on behalf of the store for the first time. In this case, the contractual authority thus created is a form of ______.
a. apparent authority
b. implied authority
c. verbal authority
d. actual authority
e. passive authority